To Zoo or Not to Zoo free essay sample

Zoos have been around for hundreds of years and have been enjoyed by millions and millions of people. All around the world, zoos provide the public with the chance to see and learn about rare animals. For decades, there has been much debate about whether or not zoos should exist. Some people argue that zoos are inhumane and should be closed. However, zoos are necessary because they provide us with invaluable knowledge and teach us about the world we live in. As far back as history reaches, â€Å"there is evidence of people keeping wild animals in cages† (Cobb, 2013). Many people argue that zoos are only used for human entertainment and serve no purpose to the animals or the world at large. While it is true that for a long time zoos were indeed primarily for entertainment, over time, most zoos have â€Å"transformed from commercial competitors into cooperating members of zoological organizations whose mission became wildlife conservation, research, education of the public, and captive breeding of endangered species† (Cobb, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on To Zoo or Not to Zoo? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zoos today concentrate heavily on teaching about the conservation of both the animals themselves and the habitats they come from, as well as taking active conservation roles around the world. In fact, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums has spent â€Å"~U. S. $350 million per year on conservation actions in the wild† (Conde, et al, 2101). Seeing animals in real life, up close and personal, is vastly different than reading about them or watching a documentary. Some opponents of zoos argue that we should instead travel to an animal’s habitat to see them in their natural environment, but most of us would not be able to see the majority of the animals if it weren’t for zoos. Not only is travelling very expensive, but these habitats are not always safe. People, especially children, who are able to experience and learn about animals are more likely to appreciate them, care about them, and hopefully take steps to make our world a better place. Have you ever gone to a zoo and seen a panda? A tiger? These species, as well as Przewalski’s wild horse, the black-footed ferret, Guam rails, the scimitar-horned Oryx, and many others, would no longer exist if not for zoos’ captive-breeding programs (Conde, et al, 2011). All over the world, land development, habitat fragmentation, pollution of air and water, pesticides, poaching, and illegal pet trades, have driven multiple species towards extinction. Zoos have brought many of them back with a lot of hard work and dedication. While some conservationist groups believe that an endangered species must be saved in its own environment, others, such as the National Audubon Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, believe that â€Å"endangered species must be brought into zoos and wildlife parks where new generations can be raised [ ] and then released back into the wild† (Cobb, 2013). In fact, in order to build up large enough populations so as to be able to return the animal s to their natural habitats, â€Å"many zoos participate in species survival plans (SSPs), which coordinate breeding efforts for more than fifty species† (Cobb, 2013). ISIS, the International Species Information System, is used to ensure as much diversity in the gene pool as possible (Conde, et al, 2011). In 1982, less than two dozen California condors existed in the wild, thanks to â€Å"habitat loss, poaching, and lead poisoning (from hunters’ lead shot)† (Cobb, 2013). The San Diego Zoo stepped in and started the first California condor captive breeding program. As of 2010, 348 individuals, including 187 in the wild, now exist. (Cobb, 2013). It’s slow, but it’s progress that would not be possible if not for breeding programs. Zoos also give researchers the opportunity to study animals up close. Through their veterinary programs, zoos provide us with invaluable information, much of which is highly applicable in the real world. The information gathered by scientists helps to protect and treat species in captivity as well as wild animals. Indeed, â€Å"[n]ovel and emerging diseases threaten wildlife populations that will require new, active methods of veterinary management† (Breheny, et al. , 2012). Methods and tools that were â€Å"developed or tested in zoos are invaluable with wild populations for relocations, in situ breeding [i. e. , in the species’ natural habitat], management, or soft releases,† where the animals live in the wild but still receive some care. (Breheny, et al, 2013). Zoos provide a training ground, helping us learn how we can better care for our world and the creatures that occupy it. Adversaries of zoos often argue that zoo enclosures are too small, the animals receive awful care, and are bored by the lack of their natural activities, environment, and foods. While it is true that in the past enclosures have been barren and small, in the â€Å"last fifty years, many zoos have become increasingly aware of the need to enrich the environments of the animals in their care† (Robinson, 2013). Environmental enrichment involves â€Å"changing the environment of the zoo animal to provide opportunities or choices not available before,† often with a heavy emphasis â€Å"placed on the importance of providing enrichment that is appropriate to the specific biology† of the soon-to-be-tenant (Shepherdson and Swaisgood, 2013). Enclosures today are specifically designed for the animal that will be living there, made to imitate their natural environment. Animals are no longer just fed, often they are presented with â€Å"[c]ognitive challenges, such as mechanical apparatuses, puzzles feeders, or computer interaction with visitors, [which] put captive animals in a position in which they can learn to actively control and explore some aspect of their environment† (Shepherdson and Swaisgood, 2013). These methods challenge the animals mentally, similar to the way they would be challenged when seeking food in the wild. Reputable zoos are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and are held to very high standards. In addition, both accredited and unaccredited animal exhibitors are regulated by the federal Animal Welfare Act, which establishes standards for animal care. Zoo staff, keepers, and veterinarians are experts in animal care, trained to care for and understand animal behavior. Not only is there a lot of training required to work with animals, but the people who choose to do so typically have deep affection for the animals they care for, spending every day with them and working hard to give the animals a fulfilling and happy life. Many captive animals actually live longer than their wild counterparts. Over the millennia, animals on this planet have survived countless changes and dangers, only to be threatened by humans. Zoos began as a symbol of humanity’s domination over wild animals, but hopefully modern-day zoos can act not as prisons, but as sanctuaries, as well as reminders to be more respectful of nature and the place that humans have in it. The knowledge we gain from zoos’ efforts in conservation, breeding, and education, help us move towards a future that doesn’t require them. Works Cited

Youth Cultures in Britain in the 1960s essays

Youth Cultures in Britain in the 1960's essays The term to define consists of two words with different meanings. Whereas the term Youth is clear to everybody, we firstly have to define what aspects the word Culture deals with. Die Kultur einer Gruppe oder Klasse umfaßt die besondere und distinkte Lebensweise dieser Gruppe oder Klasse, die Bedeutungen, Werte und Ideen, wie sie in den Institutionen, in den gesellschaftlichen Beziehungen, in Glaubenssystemen, in Sitten und Bruchen, im Gebrauch der Objekte und im materiellen Leben verkrpert sind.(1) That means culture is the way people act and behave after experiencing the way of living in their specific social class. We can consider that during their childhood working-class youths especially get to know all ideologies and values of working-class culture. That is very important in terms of forming groups and gangs where members have the same behaviour and values. Furthermore A. Cohen utters Menschliche Handlungsweisen hngen von der Art der Probleme ab, die jeder bewltigen muß.(2) These problems differ from one class to the other, which means a person who lives in the working class has to deal with other problems than an upper class person. Every society is built up of a variety of cultures, e.g. working-class culture and upper-class culture, which each have certain subgroups and subcultures. The Youth Cultures in post-war Britain developed in the working class. After childhood they tried to invent or in some way change their origin culture. Due to that fact we can conclude that Youth Cultures are a subculture of working-class culture. Downes puts forward the thesis that Subkulturen [sich] zusammenfinden, um kollektiv erfahrene Schwierigkeiten zu lsen.(3) Working-class youth had common problems and difficulties therefore they got together and tried to raise the attention of society for their conflicts. How tw...

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification Feldspars are a group of closely related minerals that together are the most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. A thorough knowledge of the feldspars is what separates geologists from the rest of us. How to Tell Feldspar Feldspars are hard minerals, all of them with a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale. This lies between the hardness of a steel knife (5.5) and the hardness of quartz (7). In fact, feldspar is the standard for hardness 6 in the Mohs scale. Feldspars usually are white or nearly white, though they may be clear or light shades of orange or buff. They usually have a glassy luster. Feldspar is called a rock-forming mineral, very common, and usually makes up a large part of the rock. In sum, any glassy mineral thats slightly softer than quartz is very likely considered a feldspar. The main mineral that might be confused with feldspar is quartz. Besides hardness, the biggest difference is how the two minerals break. Quartz breaks in curvy and irregular shapes (conchoidal fracture). Feldspar, however, breaks readily along flat faces, a property called cleavage. As you turn a piece of rock in the light, quartz glitters and feldspar flashes. Other differences: quartz is usually clear and feldspar is usually cloudy. Quartz appears in crystals more commonly than feldspar, and the six-sided spears of quartz are very different from the generally blocky crystals of feldspar. What Kind of Feldspar? For general purposes, like picking granite for a countertop, it doesnt matter what type of feldspar is in a rock. For geological purposes, feldspars are quite important. For rockhounds without laboratories, its enough to be able to tell the two main types of feldspar, plagioclase (PLADGE-yo-clays) feldspar and alkali feldspar. The one thing about plagioclase thats usually different is that its broken faces- its cleavage planes- almost always have fine parallel lines across them. These striations are signs of crystal twinning. Each plagioclase grain, in reality, is typically a stack of thin crystals, each with its molecules arranged in opposite directions. Plagioclase has a color range from white to dark gray, and its typically translucent. Alkali feldspar (also called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar) has a color range from white to brick-red, and its typically opaque. Many rocks have both feldspars, like granite. Cases like that are helpful for learning to tell the feldspars apart. The differences can be subtle and confusing. Thats because the chemical formulas for the feldspars blend smoothly into each other. Feldspar Formulas and Structure What is common to all the feldspars is the same arrangement of atoms, a framework arrangement, and one basic chemical recipe, a silicate (silicon plus oxygen) recipe. Quartz is another framework silicate, consisting only of oxygen and silicon, but feldspar has various other metals partly replacing the silicon. The basic feldspar recipe is X(Al,Si)4O8, where X stands for Na, K, or Ca. The exact composition of the various feldspar minerals depends on what elements balance the oxygen, which has two bonds to fill (remember H2O?). Silicon makes four chemical bonds with oxygen; that is, its tetravalent. Aluminum makes three bonds (trivalent), calcium makes two (divalent) and sodium and potassium make one (monovalent). So the identity of X depends on how many bonds are needed to make up the total of 16. One Al leaves one bond for Na or K to fill. Two Als leaves two bonds for Ca to fill. So there are two different mixtures that are possible in the feldspars, a sodium-potassium series and a sodium-calcium series. The first is alkali feldspar and the second is plagioclase feldspar. Alkali Feldspar in Detail Alkali feldspar has the formula KAlSi3O8, potassium aluminosilicate. The formula actually is a blend ranging from all sodium (albite) to all potassium (microcline), but albite is also one endpoint in the plagioclase series so we classify it there. This mineral is often called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar because potassium always exceeds sodium in its formula. Potassium feldspar comes in three different crystal structures that depend on the temperature it formed at. Microcline is the stable form below about 400 C. Orthoclase and sanidine are stable above 500 C and 900 C, respectively. Outside the geological community, only dedicated mineral collectors can tell these apart. But a deep green variety of microcline called amazonite stands out in a pretty homogeneous field. The color is from the presence of lead. The high potassium content and high strength of K-feldspar make it the best mineral for potassium-argon dating. Alkali feldspar is a crucial ingredient in glass and pottery glazes. Microcline has a minor use as an abrasive mineral. Plagioclase in Detail Plagioclase ranges in composition from Na[AlSi3O8] to calcium Ca[Al2Si2O8], or sodium to calcium aluminosilicate. Pure Na[AlSi3O8] is albite, and pure Ca[Al2Si2O8] is anorthite. The plagioclase feldspars are named according to the following scheme, where the numbers are the percentage of calcium expressed as anorthite (An): Albite (An 0–10)Oligoclase (An 10–30)Andesine (An 30–50)Labradorite (An 50–70)Bytownite (An 70–90)Anorthite (An 90–100) The geologist distinguishes these under the microscope. One way is to determine the minerals density by putting crushed grains in immersion oils of different densities. (Albites specific gravity is 2.62, anorthites is 2.74, and the others fall in between.) The really precise way is to use thin sections to determine the optical properties along the different crystallographic axes. The amateur has a few clues. An iridescent play of light can result from optical interference inside some feldspars. In labradorite, it often has a dazzling blue hue called labradorescence. If you see that its a sure thing. Bytownite and anorthite are rather rare and unlikely to be seen. An unusual igneous rock consisting of only plagioclase is called anorthosite. A noteworthy occurrence is in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains; another one is the Moon.

How Advertisement Manipulates Customers Choices and Spending Habits Essay - 11

How Advertisement Manipulates Customers Choices and Spending Habits - Essay Example We know advertisement is an investment only when it is not a false advertisement. It should not manipulate the customer’s desires and spending. Advertisement can actually modify the spending habits and customer choices by convincing its audience in a manner that may be ethically unacceptable. These days companies tend to use manipulative advertisements. Some ads are very informative; e.g TV ads about the yellow pages, information about supermarkets etc. These ads may be a little bit manipulative but customers end up purchasing a good because of the information provided by these ads (Phillips 14). For example, there are some ads like Mountain Dew (beverage), which portray the ability of humans to act in ways that are beyond ordinary. Now this is just a false manipulation that can literally affect the perception of viewers. But some authors argue that manipulative advertisement is the second name of persuasive advertisement which is a big source of forcing the customers to purchase the product. In other words here the marketer is hitting/targeting the customers emotionally. Once you persuade a person emotionally, selling the product becomes easy. In manipulative advertising the marketers are doing the same. Seeing this idea, manipulative advertisement becomes objectionable . It cannot be termed as the ethical one because it is persuading the customers in unacceptable manner. Some manipulative advertisements can be in the form of celebrity marketing especially female model. This makes the product so special to the customers, when they think of it they say this celebrity uses it, I must use this (Dachis n.p.). Here again the customers are being hit emotionally by getting the celebrity in to the product. This motivates the general public especially the youth to a great extent. In this case they are inventing the feelings which you as a customer never had before. They make you feel like that hero/model who uses that product.  The purpose of all this is to make the consumer feel like being the person that is being used as a character in the advertisement.  

Service Product Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Service Product Marketing - Essay Example Greece does receive both tourists and business travellers who face such inconveniences. A Spa at the airport would be able to capture this segment through the right marketing approach. This would be a mass marketing approach through the right mix of the seven element of service marketing. It is strongly recommended that the tourism venture should be an airport spa in Greece and the promotion of this spa can be done through innovative strategies such as tie upasana with the airlines and tour operators. Local people can also be attracted to the day spa which would tale care of business during the lean tourist season. Tourism in the 20th century has grown as the world’s largest industry surpassing autos, steel, electronics, and agriculture (Sirgy & Su, 2000). It is undoubtedly a large source of foreign exchange, employment and income and has grown as the business of attracting visitors and catering to their needs The economy of a nation depends on the travel and tourism industry and this is further endorsed by the fact that post September 11, the industry lost $1.36 billion in business because of a dramatic drop in bookings for flights, hotel rooms, car rentals and cruise. However, tourism is a service sector and the success of any tourism product depends on the service delivery. The process of globalization and social changes has transformed the service economy (Lovelock, Wirtz & Chew, 2009). Innovation in the service products stimulated by technology allows the service provider to offer a wider choice to the consumers. In addition, the disposable income in the hands of the people has gone up while their lifestyles have changed as well. This report aims to explore the strategy for marketing day spas in Greece. Greece continues to have the image of the 1960s as ‘island-hopping backpackers and package tourists’ (Mjourney, 1998). To attract the upmarket clients it is very important for Greece

Francesco Petrarch Essay -- essays research papers

	Francesco Petrarch, was a man held in high regards of his peers. The life in which Petrarch lived, was certainly not one of which many people could have had dealt with. A life of solitude, misplaced love and, family misfortune that was endured. But, through hard workand perseverance, loyalty to the churches which lead to good connections, he was regarded as one of the most influential persons and authors of his time. 	Petrarch was not a man with greatest of family lives. Born in Arezzo in 1304, to a family that had just been exiled from Florence, his family had to move to Incisa, Tuscany. Petrarch spent most of his childhood in Incisa. From then on, his father pushed him into the path of law. His brother, Gheredo, the most stable family figure in his life, later became a monk and throughout his life stayed in contact with Francesco. Petrarch had another brother, who died at a very young age. His mother died when he was 15 years old, which was consequently when some of his earliest works have been recorded. At the age of 22, Francesco's father passed away, which caused Francesco to attain a career. Giovanni, his son, was born illegitimately in 1337. The relationship between the two was disappointment to Francesco. He describes him as: "Intelligent, perhaps even exceptionally intelligent, but he hates books" He let Giovanni live with him till he could no longer stand the sight of him and sent him to live in Avignon, at the age of 20. It wasn't until just before Giovanni's death, of the Black Plague, did they start to write each other. Just before his sons death, Petrarch's friends though of Giovanni as a good person and wrote Petrarch about this. He never saw his son before his death but in his mind knew that he had started to get his life back together. He also had a daughter, Francesca, she gave birth to Petrarch's grandchildren one of which died during the Plague. This was of great disheartenment of Petrarch. 	Much to Petrarch's dismay he studied law at the University of Bologna and he earned his degree. Beyond the levels of his peers at an early age it was obvious the intellectual presents he had. Moving from school to school he realized that his true interests were in the ancient authors, not the law. He sought out and recovered manuscripts' Cicero, Virgil, amongst others. When his Petrarch's father found these manu... ... earth', it is this quote that shows how much he loved Laura, even though she did not return this love. 	Francesco Petrarch, was regarded amongst his peers and superiors as a powerful man. After having been sent on many missions of peace by the Archbishop. The King of France and, the Emperor of Italy trying to persuade Petrarch to join them. In his writings, Emperor, Kings wanted copies of his books, friends and other great authors desired to own and read these books as well. A man that could write about feeling he had even though they were not respected. Having gone through death and disappointment within his family. It is only fitting that a man who over came all of these obstacles, be considered one of the greatest Italian of his time. 	Bibliograghy 1. Bishop, Morris Letters of Petrarch (Indiana 1966). 2. Dobson, Susana Life of Petrarch (London 1805). 3. Einsenbichler K., Iannucci A. Petrarch's Triumphs (Toronto 1990). 4.Wilkins, E. H. Life of Petrarch (Chicago 1961). 5.Wilkins, E.H. Petrarch's Eight Years in Milan: 1353-1361 (Cambridge 1958). 6. Wilkins, E. H. Petrarch's Later Years (Cambridge 1959). 7. Wilkins, E. H. Triumphs of Petrarch (Chicago 1962)

Analysis of Ahab Moby Dick Essay

1. Dictator: Melville describes Ahab as a dictator. He, as the captain, is the most respectful figure in the Pequod. Some critics say that the novel is a metaphor from the world. Everyone depends of one person. It is a political point of view. The Pequod is seen as a small world. He is a â€Å"grand, ungodly, god-like† man. Ahab is ungodly in that he refuses to submit to any higher power. He does not worship or even acknowledge the superiority of forces beyond himself. Ahab is god-like in that he is larger than life. 2. Obsession: Ahab considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale monomaniacally because he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil. He is obsessed with revenge. Moby Dick dominates the personality of Ahab. He gradually goes crazier and crazier, eventually blaming Moby Dick for everything bad that has ever happened to any human being ever since the beginning of time. Melville describes Ahab as a â€Å"monomaniac,† an interesting word because it suggests two things: first, that Ahab’s insanity focuses itself obsessively on a single thing (Moby Dick), and second, that he’s only insane when it comes to that one thing – he can be rational about just about everyone else. 3. Suffering: Ahab believes that his suffering stems from the White Whale known as Moby Dick. . He lost more than leg the first time he fought against Moby Dick: he lost his pride, his free will, and his very being. His sole purpose after this encounter was to kill Moby-Dick, all else was cast aside. His wife, home, friends, and family do not even cross his mind. Ahab basically spends his life alone in the sea. He feels in home when he is in the ocean. He is always looking for Moby Dick, looking along. He has not friends; he is a romantic hero. Ahab is not a happy human being, he is like heroes of Shakespearean tragedy. He is suffering for the pain he has inside from the beginning to the end of the novel. Close to the end of the novel Melville makes a reflection about Ahab’s life, trying to humanize him. He is lamenting everything on his life.