Midsouth Chamber of Commerce Essay

Midsouth Chamber of Commerce (A) Wednesday August 24, 2010 Brian Putallaz Midsouth Chamber of Commerce, a charitable, part determined, business promotion bunch is in the procedures of overhauling their present data framework. Midsouth has chosen they have to overhaul their data framework to an all the more as of now framework, so as to expand income delivering openings. Their unique IS framework was worked by an outside specialist (who is no longer in business) on a departmental need base, as opposed to a far reaching need. The first framework was established in 1987, with alterations done in 1993, and 1995. During this time everything IS choice were made by outside specialists, since there were no in house IT staff. Throughout the spring of 1996 the choice was made to enlist Simon Kovecki as a frameworks investigation. Simon came to MSCC straight out of school and without each working with an enrollment association or working with bookkeeping programming. He was put in a troublesome situation since the organization which initially constructed the framework, was out of usiness so he had no ‘road map† on how the product was assembled. In 1998 there was revamping and all PC framework was put under Jeff Hedges space. This again positioned Simon in troublesome position since Mr. Supports was as Vice President of Public Finance. Mr. Supports did not have an innovation foundation and frequently wound up enveloped with different undertakings and too occupied to even think about attending to the innovation side of his obligations. The rearrangement would have been an ideal chance to add an IS director to the positions of upper administration, however MSCC declined to do as such. Later in 1998 a choice was made to move to a total new framework, an AS 400 framework called UNITRAK. This specific organization was picked by Leon Lassiter and was ineffectively checked. The product was in its early stages, they had just sold 1 duplicate, and changes were all the while being made to the product. During the determination procedure the MSCC IS investigation Mr. Kovecki, was to a great extent disregarded, just as end clients of the framework. In mid 1999 the choice was made by the board to push ahead with buying and actualizing the UNITRAK framework. Thing went poorly, Kovecki needed task anagement abilities and legitimate direction from above. Because of the absence of an IS chief in the positions of upper administration there was nobody to keep the venture on target. This brought about a poor relocation that was a long time to late, information was debased and os a the new framework NITRAK was inoperable. Jack Wallingford: President of Midsouth Chamber of Commerce Ed Wilson: Vice President Public Affairs Did not appear to be keen on IS side of association. Later was key in pulling endlessly the solitary IS representative during a key time of the usage. Leon Lassiter: Vice President of Marketing/Membership Wore numerous caps for the association. While he appeared to have a dream with regards to what he needed in an IS framework, he was hazy on the best way to go there. He settled on choice to go with UNITRAK and settled on some key missteps during his dynamic procedure. Ted Vassici: Initial data frameworks individual for MSCC, as an outside advisor He manufactured and made everything IS proposal for MSCC until 1996. His organization later left business and he was not accessible for inquiries on his exceptionally created oftware. Simon Kovecki: Information Systems Analysis Kovecki was the solitary IS representative, however his interests with UNITRAK were generally disregarded, he was entrusted with the relocation to the new framework. Jeff Hedges: Vice President of Public Finance Though he came up short on an innovation foundation, during the rearrangement in 1998 was set in charge for all PC frameworks inside the association. He had a dreary intrigued by the new UNITRAK framework. Greg Grinder: President UNITRAK Perhaps his product was to new and not exactly fit to be utilized. Out of these jobs I accept the greatest error the organization made was setting PCs frameworks under Jeff Hedges. He did not have the foundation for it and didn't have the correct vision for it. In spite of the fact that he was responsible for data frameworks, he was not engaged with picking another framework, and appeared to be for the most part worried about keeping their old bookkeeping framework unblemished. Indeed, even went similarly as calling the framework â€Å"Lassiter’s system†, in spite of the fact that he was responsible for IS. Supports didn't become tied up with the UNITRAK framework and he was not a hero of it. Anyway he is entrusted to executed for the association. UNITRAK was a product organization in their early stages and had just sold and actualized their product once before MSCC. In spite of the fact that they were new, they appeared to be energized at the opportunity to work with association, for example, MSCC and appeared to modify their product fit the end client. A major success for them, an opportunity to see and figure out how their product would function in the field. One issue was Lassiter going about as the essential contact for UNITRAK, despite the fact that the representatives accountable for the

October Sky The Movie Essay

The film October Sky manages a great deal of topics that despite everything exist in social orders everywhere throughout the present reality. One of the fundamental topics and maybe the most clear is the motivating thought of pursuing one’s dream and never surrendering until progress is found. In the film, we discover Homer Hickam, a normal humble community kid, interested by the dispatch of Soviet satellite Sputnik and beguiled by joining the space race and making his own rockets. Homer gets roused to better himself. He needs to effectively assemble rockets and with further support from his educator, Miss Riley, he and his companions enter a science reasonable in which they get the opportunity to get school grants. This is Homer’s dream and he defines his objectives in like manner to accomplish his fantasy. Homer doesn’t permit any impediment, even family inconveniences, to prevent him from getting his fantasy. His acknowledgment of his objectives and determination in accomplishing them is an entirely excellent activity and is something that despite everything happens constantly. Over various decades the fantasies may change and the moves one face to accomplish them might be extraordinary however regardless of what decade, individuals are continually going to have dreams and objectives they need to accomplish in their lives. Each individual wants to be effective and glad. Achievement and accomplishment of dreams doesn't come simple. An individual must have assurance to be effective and the topic of trying to an objective and a superior life doesn't leave over decades, regardless of how enormous or little the fantasy is. Family strife is another subject that is general for some reasons. In a few different ways, family strife is joined with the subject of the age hole. This is on the grounds that family strife is frequently brought about by an absence of comprehension among individuals and that regularly happens among grown-ups and kids/adolescents. In October Sky, the contention among Homer and his dad, John, was from multiple points of view inescapable. Homer and John were purchased up in totally different universes. John experienced childhood in a customary reality where most things were dark or white †right or wrong and things were constantly done likewise way. Homer is living hisâ teenage years in a period where the eventual fate of unassuming communities is questionable and the United States is being hauled into an innovative age. Experiencing childhood in such various universes leaves the two with totally different considerations and viewpoints on pretty much everything which implies they are no uncertainty going to conflict on those focuses. Their alternate points of view cause Homer and John to infrequently agree on things. The main thing they appeared to share practically speaking was the way that they were both difficult and that neutralized them. Family clashes are regularly unavoidable, even right up 'til the present time. The age hole among Homer and John that caused a great deal of their issues clearly still happens between families in each nation of our decade and will likely despite everything happen for the remainder of time. The subjects managed in October Sky, for example, the quest for a fantasy, family struggle, age hole and all the more, for example, money related issues have been around for quite a while and most likely for quite a while to come. www.wikipedia.comwww.imdb.com

Fitzpatrick, Thomas

Fitzpatrick, Thomas Fitzpatrick, Thomas, c.1799â€"1854, American trapper, fur trader, and guide, one of the greatest of the mountain men , b. Co. Cavan, Ireland. He emigrated early to the United States, and by 1823 he was engaged in St. Louis for a trading expedition of William Henry Ashley up the Missouri. Like others of the mountain men, he spent many of the succeeding years opening up the West. He went with Jedediah S. Smith into the Green River country through the South Pass in 1824. Fitzpatrick worked for the Ashley interests until Ashley withdrew (1826) from the trade; then he was a trader for Smith, Jackson, and Sublette until 1830, when the Rocky Mountain Fur Company was formed with Fitzpatrick as senior partner. After that company was dissolved (1834), Fitzpatrick became a guide. He piloted the John Bidwell party, the first emigrant train bound for California, as far as Fort Hall in 1841, and the next year he performed the same service for the first train to Oregon. He gained some celebri ty as guide to John C. Frémont on his second expedition and in 1846 was guide to Stephen W. Kearny on the march to Santa Fe. In Nov., 1846, he was appointed Indian agent for a large part of the present Colorado and was successful in negotiating treaties. See L. R. Hafen and W. J. Ghent, Broken Hand: The Life Story of Thomas Fitzpatrick (1931); B. De Voto, Across the Wide Missouri (1948). The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. History: Biographies

Conversion Factor Definition and Examples

A conversion factor is the number or formula you need to convert a measurement in one set of units to the same measurement in another set of units. The number is usually given as a numerical ratio or fraction that can be used as a multiplication factor. For example, say you have a length that is measured in feet and you wish to report on it in meters. If you know that there are 3.048 feet in a meter, then you can use that as a conversion factor to determine what the same distance is in meters.   One foot is 12 inches long, and the conversion factor of 1 foot to inches is 12. In yards, 1 foot is equal to 1/3 yard (conversion factor of 1 foot to yards is 1/3) so forth. The same length is 0.3048 meters, and it is also 30.48 centimeters. To convert 10 feet to inches, multiply 10 times 12 (the conversion factor) 120 inchesTo convert 10 feet to yards, multiply 10 x 1/3 3.3333 yards (or 3 1/3 yards)To convert 10 feet to meters, multiply 10 x .3048 3.048 metersTo convert 10 feet to centimeters, multiply 10 x 30.48 304.8 centimeters Examples of Conversion Factors There many different types of measurements that sometimes require conversions: length (linear), area (two dimensional) and volume (three dimensional) are the most common, but you can also use conversion factors to convert mass, speed, density, and force. Conversion factors are used for conversions within the imperial system (feet, pounds, gallons), within the International System of Units (SI, and the modern form of the metric system: meters, kilograms, liters) or across the two.   Remember, the two values must represent the same quantity as each other. For example, its possible to convert between two units of mass (e.g., grams to pounds), but you generally cant convert between units of mass and volume (e.g., grams to gallons). Examples of conversion factors include: 1 gallon 3.78541 liters (volume)1 pound 16 ounces (mass)  1 kilogram 1,000 grams (mass)  1 pound 453.592 grams (mass)1 minute 60000 milliseconds (time)  1 square mile 2.58999 square kilometers (area)   Using a Conversion Factor For example, to change a time measurement from hours to days, use a conversion factor of 1 day 24 hours. time in days time in hours x (1 day/24 hours) The (1 day/24 hours) is the conversion factor. Note that following the equal sign, the units for hours cancel out, leaving only the unit for days.

Child Psychology, lesson 1 Essay - 1625 Words

Why it is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour - using two of your own examples. How is the term â€Å"correlation† a solution to this problem? It is difficult for researchers to isolate specific causes of child behaviour because each child’s environmental settings and values are different from one to another. Most scientists agree that genes have some influence over general intelligence and special aptitudes in such activities as athletics, mathematics, music, and science. But genes are not the only factor involved in producing these characteristics. In some cases, the child may inherit some genes, which would enable him/her, to become a very good dancer, pianist, painter, etc., but if the†¦show more content†¦The ideal environment is, when it is no victims of domestic violence and sexual abuse. We see that so much in Thailand, the aid workers try to teach them how to live a normal life, to play, to learn and enjoy the childhood, but it is very difficult. The damage is already done. Sometimes their own parents sell them for the money. Schools are over populated here, 40-50 pupils in one classroom, learning process is not easy. Because of that it is impossible for the teachers to pay attention to every student in the classroom and to get almost the same result, because of that many pupils just attending the classroom without any interest in studying or learning. Things are different in international schools in Thailand. Most children have loving and carrying families, education, dreams and goals. The class size is small, 10-15 pupils. They learn to have there own opinion and a way of thinking. Parents are much more involved in their school life and activates. They are socially active and independent. Communication skill are much better between parents and teachers, compare with the public Thai schools. They have all kinds of activities and different learning skills for their future. They have yearly camping trips that are teaching them different skills. The ideal environment also is to learn good family values. In Thailand children learn to take care of each other from their parents and grandparents, respect elderly; loveShow MoreRelatedEssay on Perspectives of Pyschology1282 Words   |  6 PagesPart 1 Extended Response Psychoanalytic is the perspective that childhood sexuality and unconscious motivations influence personality. It is accountable for the development of an introverted or extroverted type of personality because if a person is unconsciously aware of their actions then its possible they do not have a lot of control over certain behaviors such as greed or pride. Also when someone becomes fixated on any of the psychosexual stages then it can alter behaviors and will affectRead MoreF. Skinner s Operant Conditioning Theory1356 Words   |  6 Pagesthe same token, mathematics is foreign to humans it is not something that humans know how to do naturally. The complex numbers are not easily grasped and the very same techniques used to teach a dog to ride a bike can be implemented into a lesson to teach a child multiplication or division. Complex behaviors were learned in pigeons quickly through a series of stages that lead to each behavior (Skinner 1969a). The same could be implemented in the classroom for mastering long division. For example,Read MoreEssay about psychology1075 Words   |  5 Pages As described, there are 10 different perspectives of early psychology. These perspectives are: Structuralism, functionalism, Gestalt psychology, Behavioral, psychodynamic, humanistic, physiological, evolutionary, cognitive, and cultural and diversity. 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(2011). â€Å"The research says†: Definitions and uses of a key policy term in federal law and local school board deliberations. Argumentation and Advocacy, 47, 195-213. Barton, R., Nelsestuen, K., Mazzeo, C. (2014). Addressing the challenges of building and maintaining effective research partnerships. Lessons Learned, 4, 1-6. Bohnert, A., Fredricks, J., RandallRead MoreEdu 200 Mock Teacers Application655 Words   |  3 PagesMock Teachers Application Nicole Nestor EDUC 200 July 5, 2015 Mock Teachers Application 1. I consider myself an enthusiastic instructor; effective at providing quality instruction and fostering a positive and colorful learning environment for all students. I am mature and professional; who adapts to new situations and technologies with ease. Adept at lesson planning and classroom management, able to create fun learning stations for hands on learning. 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Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong Free Essays

Title: Analyse the problems caused by the implementation of anti-smoking legislation in Hong Kong. Identify some solutions to these problems. Paragraph 1 In recent years many countries have enacted anti-smoking legislation. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, on 1 January 2007 Hong Kong extended no smoking areas to cover the inside of restaurants, as well as offices and some public outdoor areas (Tobacco control, 2007). While these laws have been largely welcomed by both health advocates and the general population, they have had some unintended consequences including an increase in cigarette litter and congestion in areas where smokers congregate, and a decrease in working efficiency in workplaces with significant numbers of smokers. This essay will examine these effects in more detail before considering some possible solutions. Paragraph 2 One of the outcomes of preventing office and shop workers from smoking in offices and shopping centres is that smokers are more likely to gather on pavements in the area near the entrance to the office building or mall. The assembly of these smokers has produced an increase in litter, with waste such as cigarette butts and packaging often discarded on the street. Novotny and Zhao (1999) argue that this litter is plainly observable, may remain in the environment for a long time and might be hazardous to young children and animals if ingested. Given the densely packed office environment in the central business district of Hong Kong, it is apparent that the litter problem from smokers who smoke outside can be quite serious. Paragraph 3 As well as the littering problem, groups smoking on pavements can pose a physical danger to young children. Nakahara (2005) mentions that children are often at a height where they can be easily struck by smokers holding lit cigarettes. As the head of the child is often only at leg level to the adult smoker, the burning cigarette could easily harm the eye or other facial features of the child. It is suggested by Nakahara (ibid) that street smoking has become more widespread after stricter smoking legislation began to be enforced. In the crowded urban parts of Hong Kong, such as in Mongkok and Causeway Bay, even if there are only a small proportion of pedestrians smoking, this would still generate a hazard to young children. Paragraph 4 Besides the outdoor effects of smoking legislation, those companies operating in Hong Kong who employ smokers have also probably suffered. Considering the USA,  Halpern, Shikiar, Rentz and Khan  (2001) find that smokers have appreciably more absences from work than those who have never smoked. The reason for this is believed to be due to increased rates of sickness among smokers. It could also be speculated that as smokers are more likely to take extended breaks than non-smokers, this would precipitate further reductions in working efficiency in offices with many smokers. As business is very important in the Hong Kong economy, maintaining a high working efficiency is vital to Hong Kong competitiveness. Paragraph 5 Regarding the first problem of increased littering, there are four possible methods to counter this issue. According to Bitgood, Carnes and Thompson (1988), these are environmental education, prompting, environmental design and punishment. Environmental education would include TV campaigns against littering, while prompting would mean signage outside offices reminding smokers not to litter. Environmental design would mean improved design of cigarette bins, and punishment means fines. A combination of these methods, together with increased frequency of visits by cleaners, would plausibly be the most effective solution to littering, and this already happens in Hong Kong (Clean Hong Kong, 2012). Paragraph 6 The physical risk caused by smokers in public areas to young children can perhaps be solved by the establishment of smoking zones. While in Hong Kong, universities are supposedly smoke free, in the United States there are moves by some universities to have areas where smoking is allowed (Ryman, 2010). Although the presence of these smoking zones is common in airports, the proposal by universities in America would be for outdoor zones so this could lead to opposition by some non smokers. As  Kennedy et al. (2012) observe, in countries where restrictions have been placed on indoor smoking, thereby prompting greater outdoor smoking, a majority of interviewees now support outdoor smoking limits in certain settings. Paragraph 7 Finally, the issue of working efficiency has also begun to be addressed in the United States, with certain employers, for the most part health care facilities, now actively not employing those applicants who state that they smoke on the application form. Koch (2012) points out that while a tobacco-free recruiting procedure is intended to endorse health and decrease insurance costs, these polices of discrimination against smokers might have unintended repercussions with smokers feeling punished rather than encouraged to quit smoking. As a result, some States in America have started passing laws forbidding the discrimination in the workplace of smokers (Summary of District of Columbia Laws, 2010), although in Hong Kong this is not currently proscribed under the labour ordinance (Labour Department, 2012). Paragraph 8 This essay has examined the problems created by the ban on smoking in offices and many indoor public venues in recent years. These problems include a deteriorating litter problem, a danger to young children from lit cigarettes and decreased working efficiency among smokers. Solutions that were considered include intensifying and varying litter prevention schemes, establishing smoke free zones and implementing legislation to prevent smokers from being employed. Paragraph 9 It is the belief of this writer that while the anti-smoking legislation was welcome, there was not enough thought regarding the consequences of this legalisation before it was implemented. While remedial measures can be introduced to partially solve some of these problems, the only certain way to eliminate these problems is to further reduce the number of smokers. For this to happen, it is likely that further legalisation which further restricts the advertising, sale, and consumption of tobacco is needed by the Hong Kong Government. How to cite Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong, Essay examples

Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong Free Essays

Title: Analyse the problems caused by the implementation of anti-smoking legislation in Hong Kong. Identify some solutions to these problems. Paragraph 1 In recent years many countries have enacted anti-smoking legislation. We will write a custom essay sample on Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong or any similar topic only for you Order Now For example, on 1 January 2007 Hong Kong extended no smoking areas to cover the inside of restaurants, as well as offices and some public outdoor areas (Tobacco control, 2007). While these laws have been largely welcomed by both health advocates and the general population, they have had some unintended consequences including an increase in cigarette litter and congestion in areas where smokers congregate, and a decrease in working efficiency in workplaces with significant numbers of smokers. This essay will examine these effects in more detail before considering some possible solutions. Paragraph 2 One of the outcomes of preventing office and shop workers from smoking in offices and shopping centres is that smokers are more likely to gather on pavements in the area near the entrance to the office building or mall. The assembly of these smokers has produced an increase in litter, with waste such as cigarette butts and packaging often discarded on the street. Novotny and Zhao (1999) argue that this litter is plainly observable, may remain in the environment for a long time and might be hazardous to young children and animals if ingested. Given the densely packed office environment in the central business district of Hong Kong, it is apparent that the litter problem from smokers who smoke outside can be quite serious. Paragraph 3 As well as the littering problem, groups smoking on pavements can pose a physical danger to young children. Nakahara (2005) mentions that children are often at a height where they can be easily struck by smokers holding lit cigarettes. As the head of the child is often only at leg level to the adult smoker, the burning cigarette could easily harm the eye or other facial features of the child. It is suggested by Nakahara (ibid) that street smoking has become more widespread after stricter smoking legislation began to be enforced. In the crowded urban parts of Hong Kong, such as in Mongkok and Causeway Bay, even if there are only a small proportion of pedestrians smoking, this would still generate a hazard to young children. Paragraph 4 Besides the outdoor effects of smoking legislation, those companies operating in Hong Kong who employ smokers have also probably suffered. Considering the USA,  Halpern, Shikiar, Rentz and Khan  (2001) find that smokers have appreciably more absences from work than those who have never smoked. The reason for this is believed to be due to increased rates of sickness among smokers. It could also be speculated that as smokers are more likely to take extended breaks than non-smokers, this would precipitate further reductions in working efficiency in offices with many smokers. As business is very important in the Hong Kong economy, maintaining a high working efficiency is vital to Hong Kong competitiveness. Paragraph 5 Regarding the first problem of increased littering, there are four possible methods to counter this issue. According to Bitgood, Carnes and Thompson (1988), these are environmental education, prompting, environmental design and punishment. Environmental education would include TV campaigns against littering, while prompting would mean signage outside offices reminding smokers not to litter. Environmental design would mean improved design of cigarette bins, and punishment means fines. A combination of these methods, together with increased frequency of visits by cleaners, would plausibly be the most effective solution to littering, and this already happens in Hong Kong (Clean Hong Kong, 2012). Paragraph 6 The physical risk caused by smokers in public areas to young children can perhaps be solved by the establishment of smoking zones. While in Hong Kong, universities are supposedly smoke free, in the United States there are moves by some universities to have areas where smoking is allowed (Ryman, 2010). Although the presence of these smoking zones is common in airports, the proposal by universities in America would be for outdoor zones so this could lead to opposition by some non smokers. As  Kennedy et al. (2012) observe, in countries where restrictions have been placed on indoor smoking, thereby prompting greater outdoor smoking, a majority of interviewees now support outdoor smoking limits in certain settings. Paragraph 7 Finally, the issue of working efficiency has also begun to be addressed in the United States, with certain employers, for the most part health care facilities, now actively not employing those applicants who state that they smoke on the application form. Koch (2012) points out that while a tobacco-free recruiting procedure is intended to endorse health and decrease insurance costs, these polices of discrimination against smokers might have unintended repercussions with smokers feeling punished rather than encouraged to quit smoking. As a result, some States in America have started passing laws forbidding the discrimination in the workplace of smokers (Summary of District of Columbia Laws, 2010), although in Hong Kong this is not currently proscribed under the labour ordinance (Labour Department, 2012). Paragraph 8 This essay has examined the problems created by the ban on smoking in offices and many indoor public venues in recent years. These problems include a deteriorating litter problem, a danger to young children from lit cigarettes and decreased working efficiency among smokers. Solutions that were considered include intensifying and varying litter prevention schemes, establishing smoke free zones and implementing legislation to prevent smokers from being employed. Paragraph 9 It is the belief of this writer that while the anti-smoking legislation was welcome, there was not enough thought regarding the consequences of this legalisation before it was implemented. While remedial measures can be introduced to partially solve some of these problems, the only certain way to eliminate these problems is to further reduce the number of smokers. For this to happen, it is likely that further legalisation which further restricts the advertising, sale, and consumption of tobacco is needed by the Hong Kong Government. How to cite Problem Caused by Anti-Smoking Legislation in Hong Kong, Essay examples

To Zoo or Not to Zoo free essay sample

Zoos have been around for hundreds of years and have been enjoyed by millions and millions of people. All around the world, zoos provide the public with the chance to see and learn about rare animals. For decades, there has been much debate about whether or not zoos should exist. Some people argue that zoos are inhumane and should be closed. However, zoos are necessary because they provide us with invaluable knowledge and teach us about the world we live in. As far back as history reaches, â€Å"there is evidence of people keeping wild animals in cages† (Cobb, 2013). Many people argue that zoos are only used for human entertainment and serve no purpose to the animals or the world at large. While it is true that for a long time zoos were indeed primarily for entertainment, over time, most zoos have â€Å"transformed from commercial competitors into cooperating members of zoological organizations whose mission became wildlife conservation, research, education of the public, and captive breeding of endangered species† (Cobb, 2013). We will write a custom essay sample on To Zoo or Not to Zoo? or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Zoos today concentrate heavily on teaching about the conservation of both the animals themselves and the habitats they come from, as well as taking active conservation roles around the world. In fact, the World Association of Zoos and Aquariums has spent â€Å"~U. S. $350 million per year on conservation actions in the wild† (Conde, et al, 2101). Seeing animals in real life, up close and personal, is vastly different than reading about them or watching a documentary. Some opponents of zoos argue that we should instead travel to an animal’s habitat to see them in their natural environment, but most of us would not be able to see the majority of the animals if it weren’t for zoos. Not only is travelling very expensive, but these habitats are not always safe. People, especially children, who are able to experience and learn about animals are more likely to appreciate them, care about them, and hopefully take steps to make our world a better place. Have you ever gone to a zoo and seen a panda? A tiger? These species, as well as Przewalski’s wild horse, the black-footed ferret, Guam rails, the scimitar-horned Oryx, and many others, would no longer exist if not for zoos’ captive-breeding programs (Conde, et al, 2011). All over the world, land development, habitat fragmentation, pollution of air and water, pesticides, poaching, and illegal pet trades, have driven multiple species towards extinction. Zoos have brought many of them back with a lot of hard work and dedication. While some conservationist groups believe that an endangered species must be saved in its own environment, others, such as the National Audubon Society, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the Association of Zoos and Aquariums, believe that â€Å"endangered species must be brought into zoos and wildlife parks where new generations can be raised [ ] and then released back into the wild† (Cobb, 2013). In fact, in order to build up large enough populations so as to be able to return the animal s to their natural habitats, â€Å"many zoos participate in species survival plans (SSPs), which coordinate breeding efforts for more than fifty species† (Cobb, 2013). ISIS, the International Species Information System, is used to ensure as much diversity in the gene pool as possible (Conde, et al, 2011). In 1982, less than two dozen California condors existed in the wild, thanks to â€Å"habitat loss, poaching, and lead poisoning (from hunters’ lead shot)† (Cobb, 2013). The San Diego Zoo stepped in and started the first California condor captive breeding program. As of 2010, 348 individuals, including 187 in the wild, now exist. (Cobb, 2013). It’s slow, but it’s progress that would not be possible if not for breeding programs. Zoos also give researchers the opportunity to study animals up close. Through their veterinary programs, zoos provide us with invaluable information, much of which is highly applicable in the real world. The information gathered by scientists helps to protect and treat species in captivity as well as wild animals. Indeed, â€Å"[n]ovel and emerging diseases threaten wildlife populations that will require new, active methods of veterinary management† (Breheny, et al. , 2012). Methods and tools that were â€Å"developed or tested in zoos are invaluable with wild populations for relocations, in situ breeding [i. e. , in the species’ natural habitat], management, or soft releases,† where the animals live in the wild but still receive some care. (Breheny, et al, 2013). Zoos provide a training ground, helping us learn how we can better care for our world and the creatures that occupy it. Adversaries of zoos often argue that zoo enclosures are too small, the animals receive awful care, and are bored by the lack of their natural activities, environment, and foods. While it is true that in the past enclosures have been barren and small, in the â€Å"last fifty years, many zoos have become increasingly aware of the need to enrich the environments of the animals in their care† (Robinson, 2013). Environmental enrichment involves â€Å"changing the environment of the zoo animal to provide opportunities or choices not available before,† often with a heavy emphasis â€Å"placed on the importance of providing enrichment that is appropriate to the specific biology† of the soon-to-be-tenant (Shepherdson and Swaisgood, 2013). Enclosures today are specifically designed for the animal that will be living there, made to imitate their natural environment. Animals are no longer just fed, often they are presented with â€Å"[c]ognitive challenges, such as mechanical apparatuses, puzzles feeders, or computer interaction with visitors, [which] put captive animals in a position in which they can learn to actively control and explore some aspect of their environment† (Shepherdson and Swaisgood, 2013). These methods challenge the animals mentally, similar to the way they would be challenged when seeking food in the wild. Reputable zoos are accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums and are held to very high standards. In addition, both accredited and unaccredited animal exhibitors are regulated by the federal Animal Welfare Act, which establishes standards for animal care. Zoo staff, keepers, and veterinarians are experts in animal care, trained to care for and understand animal behavior. Not only is there a lot of training required to work with animals, but the people who choose to do so typically have deep affection for the animals they care for, spending every day with them and working hard to give the animals a fulfilling and happy life. Many captive animals actually live longer than their wild counterparts. Over the millennia, animals on this planet have survived countless changes and dangers, only to be threatened by humans. Zoos began as a symbol of humanity’s domination over wild animals, but hopefully modern-day zoos can act not as prisons, but as sanctuaries, as well as reminders to be more respectful of nature and the place that humans have in it. The knowledge we gain from zoos’ efforts in conservation, breeding, and education, help us move towards a future that doesn’t require them. Works Cited

Youth Cultures in Britain in the 1960s essays

Youth Cultures in Britain in the 1960's essays The term to define consists of two words with different meanings. Whereas the term Youth is clear to everybody, we firstly have to define what aspects the word Culture deals with. Die Kultur einer Gruppe oder Klasse umfaßt die besondere und distinkte Lebensweise dieser Gruppe oder Klasse, die Bedeutungen, Werte und Ideen, wie sie in den Institutionen, in den gesellschaftlichen Beziehungen, in Glaubenssystemen, in Sitten und Bruchen, im Gebrauch der Objekte und im materiellen Leben verkrpert sind.(1) That means culture is the way people act and behave after experiencing the way of living in their specific social class. We can consider that during their childhood working-class youths especially get to know all ideologies and values of working-class culture. That is very important in terms of forming groups and gangs where members have the same behaviour and values. Furthermore A. Cohen utters Menschliche Handlungsweisen hngen von der Art der Probleme ab, die jeder bewltigen muß.(2) These problems differ from one class to the other, which means a person who lives in the working class has to deal with other problems than an upper class person. Every society is built up of a variety of cultures, e.g. working-class culture and upper-class culture, which each have certain subgroups and subcultures. The Youth Cultures in post-war Britain developed in the working class. After childhood they tried to invent or in some way change their origin culture. Due to that fact we can conclude that Youth Cultures are a subculture of working-class culture. Downes puts forward the thesis that Subkulturen [sich] zusammenfinden, um kollektiv erfahrene Schwierigkeiten zu lsen.(3) Working-class youth had common problems and difficulties therefore they got together and tried to raise the attention of society for their conflicts. How tw...

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification

Feldspar Distinctions, Characteristics Identification Feldspars are a group of closely related minerals that together are the most abundant mineral in the Earths crust. A thorough knowledge of the feldspars is what separates geologists from the rest of us. How to Tell Feldspar Feldspars are hard minerals, all of them with a hardness of 6 on the Mohs scale. This lies between the hardness of a steel knife (5.5) and the hardness of quartz (7). In fact, feldspar is the standard for hardness 6 in the Mohs scale. Feldspars usually are white or nearly white, though they may be clear or light shades of orange or buff. They usually have a glassy luster. Feldspar is called a rock-forming mineral, very common, and usually makes up a large part of the rock. In sum, any glassy mineral thats slightly softer than quartz is very likely considered a feldspar. The main mineral that might be confused with feldspar is quartz. Besides hardness, the biggest difference is how the two minerals break. Quartz breaks in curvy and irregular shapes (conchoidal fracture). Feldspar, however, breaks readily along flat faces, a property called cleavage. As you turn a piece of rock in the light, quartz glitters and feldspar flashes. Other differences: quartz is usually clear and feldspar is usually cloudy. Quartz appears in crystals more commonly than feldspar, and the six-sided spears of quartz are very different from the generally blocky crystals of feldspar. What Kind of Feldspar? For general purposes, like picking granite for a countertop, it doesnt matter what type of feldspar is in a rock. For geological purposes, feldspars are quite important. For rockhounds without laboratories, its enough to be able to tell the two main types of feldspar, plagioclase (PLADGE-yo-clays) feldspar and alkali feldspar. The one thing about plagioclase thats usually different is that its broken faces- its cleavage planes- almost always have fine parallel lines across them. These striations are signs of crystal twinning. Each plagioclase grain, in reality, is typically a stack of thin crystals, each with its molecules arranged in opposite directions. Plagioclase has a color range from white to dark gray, and its typically translucent. Alkali feldspar (also called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar) has a color range from white to brick-red, and its typically opaque. Many rocks have both feldspars, like granite. Cases like that are helpful for learning to tell the feldspars apart. The differences can be subtle and confusing. Thats because the chemical formulas for the feldspars blend smoothly into each other. Feldspar Formulas and Structure What is common to all the feldspars is the same arrangement of atoms, a framework arrangement, and one basic chemical recipe, a silicate (silicon plus oxygen) recipe. Quartz is another framework silicate, consisting only of oxygen and silicon, but feldspar has various other metals partly replacing the silicon. The basic feldspar recipe is X(Al,Si)4O8, where X stands for Na, K, or Ca. The exact composition of the various feldspar minerals depends on what elements balance the oxygen, which has two bonds to fill (remember H2O?). Silicon makes four chemical bonds with oxygen; that is, its tetravalent. Aluminum makes three bonds (trivalent), calcium makes two (divalent) and sodium and potassium make one (monovalent). So the identity of X depends on how many bonds are needed to make up the total of 16. One Al leaves one bond for Na or K to fill. Two Als leaves two bonds for Ca to fill. So there are two different mixtures that are possible in the feldspars, a sodium-potassium series and a sodium-calcium series. The first is alkali feldspar and the second is plagioclase feldspar. Alkali Feldspar in Detail Alkali feldspar has the formula KAlSi3O8, potassium aluminosilicate. The formula actually is a blend ranging from all sodium (albite) to all potassium (microcline), but albite is also one endpoint in the plagioclase series so we classify it there. This mineral is often called potassium feldspar or K-feldspar because potassium always exceeds sodium in its formula. Potassium feldspar comes in three different crystal structures that depend on the temperature it formed at. Microcline is the stable form below about 400 C. Orthoclase and sanidine are stable above 500 C and 900 C, respectively. Outside the geological community, only dedicated mineral collectors can tell these apart. But a deep green variety of microcline called amazonite stands out in a pretty homogeneous field. The color is from the presence of lead. The high potassium content and high strength of K-feldspar make it the best mineral for potassium-argon dating. Alkali feldspar is a crucial ingredient in glass and pottery glazes. Microcline has a minor use as an abrasive mineral. Plagioclase in Detail Plagioclase ranges in composition from Na[AlSi3O8] to calcium Ca[Al2Si2O8], or sodium to calcium aluminosilicate. Pure Na[AlSi3O8] is albite, and pure Ca[Al2Si2O8] is anorthite. The plagioclase feldspars are named according to the following scheme, where the numbers are the percentage of calcium expressed as anorthite (An): Albite (An 0–10)Oligoclase (An 10–30)Andesine (An 30–50)Labradorite (An 50–70)Bytownite (An 70–90)Anorthite (An 90–100) The geologist distinguishes these under the microscope. One way is to determine the minerals density by putting crushed grains in immersion oils of different densities. (Albites specific gravity is 2.62, anorthites is 2.74, and the others fall in between.) The really precise way is to use thin sections to determine the optical properties along the different crystallographic axes. The amateur has a few clues. An iridescent play of light can result from optical interference inside some feldspars. In labradorite, it often has a dazzling blue hue called labradorescence. If you see that its a sure thing. Bytownite and anorthite are rather rare and unlikely to be seen. An unusual igneous rock consisting of only plagioclase is called anorthosite. A noteworthy occurrence is in New Yorks Adirondack Mountains; another one is the Moon.

How Advertisement Manipulates Customers Choices and Spending Habits Essay - 11

How Advertisement Manipulates Customers Choices and Spending Habits - Essay Example We know advertisement is an investment only when it is not a false advertisement. It should not manipulate the customer’s desires and spending. Advertisement can actually modify the spending habits and customer choices by convincing its audience in a manner that may be ethically unacceptable. These days companies tend to use manipulative advertisements. Some ads are very informative; e.g TV ads about the yellow pages, information about supermarkets etc. These ads may be a little bit manipulative but customers end up purchasing a good because of the information provided by these ads (Phillips 14). For example, there are some ads like Mountain Dew (beverage), which portray the ability of humans to act in ways that are beyond ordinary. Now this is just a false manipulation that can literally affect the perception of viewers. But some authors argue that manipulative advertisement is the second name of persuasive advertisement which is a big source of forcing the customers to purchase the product. In other words here the marketer is hitting/targeting the customers emotionally. Once you persuade a person emotionally, selling the product becomes easy. In manipulative advertising the marketers are doing the same. Seeing this idea, manipulative advertisement becomes objectionable . It cannot be termed as the ethical one because it is persuading the customers in unacceptable manner. Some manipulative advertisements can be in the form of celebrity marketing especially female model. This makes the product so special to the customers, when they think of it they say this celebrity uses it, I must use this (Dachis n.p.). Here again the customers are being hit emotionally by getting the celebrity in to the product. This motivates the general public especially the youth to a great extent. In this case they are inventing the feelings which you as a customer never had before. They make you feel like that hero/model who uses that product.  The purpose of all this is to make the consumer feel like being the person that is being used as a character in the advertisement.  

Service Product Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Service Product Marketing - Essay Example Greece does receive both tourists and business travellers who face such inconveniences. A Spa at the airport would be able to capture this segment through the right marketing approach. This would be a mass marketing approach through the right mix of the seven element of service marketing. It is strongly recommended that the tourism venture should be an airport spa in Greece and the promotion of this spa can be done through innovative strategies such as tie upasana with the airlines and tour operators. Local people can also be attracted to the day spa which would tale care of business during the lean tourist season. Tourism in the 20th century has grown as the world’s largest industry surpassing autos, steel, electronics, and agriculture (Sirgy & Su, 2000). It is undoubtedly a large source of foreign exchange, employment and income and has grown as the business of attracting visitors and catering to their needs The economy of a nation depends on the travel and tourism industry and this is further endorsed by the fact that post September 11, the industry lost $1.36 billion in business because of a dramatic drop in bookings for flights, hotel rooms, car rentals and cruise. However, tourism is a service sector and the success of any tourism product depends on the service delivery. The process of globalization and social changes has transformed the service economy (Lovelock, Wirtz & Chew, 2009). Innovation in the service products stimulated by technology allows the service provider to offer a wider choice to the consumers. In addition, the disposable income in the hands of the people has gone up while their lifestyles have changed as well. This report aims to explore the strategy for marketing day spas in Greece. Greece continues to have the image of the 1960s as ‘island-hopping backpackers and package tourists’ (Mjourney, 1998). To attract the upmarket clients it is very important for Greece

Francesco Petrarch Essay -- essays research papers

	Francesco Petrarch, was a man held in high regards of his peers. The life in which Petrarch lived, was certainly not one of which many people could have had dealt with. A life of solitude, misplaced love and, family misfortune that was endured. But, through hard workand perseverance, loyalty to the churches which lead to good connections, he was regarded as one of the most influential persons and authors of his time. 	Petrarch was not a man with greatest of family lives. Born in Arezzo in 1304, to a family that had just been exiled from Florence, his family had to move to Incisa, Tuscany. Petrarch spent most of his childhood in Incisa. From then on, his father pushed him into the path of law. His brother, Gheredo, the most stable family figure in his life, later became a monk and throughout his life stayed in contact with Francesco. Petrarch had another brother, who died at a very young age. His mother died when he was 15 years old, which was consequently when some of his earliest works have been recorded. At the age of 22, Francesco's father passed away, which caused Francesco to attain a career. Giovanni, his son, was born illegitimately in 1337. The relationship between the two was disappointment to Francesco. He describes him as: "Intelligent, perhaps even exceptionally intelligent, but he hates books" He let Giovanni live with him till he could no longer stand the sight of him and sent him to live in Avignon, at the age of 20. It wasn't until just before Giovanni's death, of the Black Plague, did they start to write each other. Just before his sons death, Petrarch's friends though of Giovanni as a good person and wrote Petrarch about this. He never saw his son before his death but in his mind knew that he had started to get his life back together. He also had a daughter, Francesca, she gave birth to Petrarch's grandchildren one of which died during the Plague. This was of great disheartenment of Petrarch. 	Much to Petrarch's dismay he studied law at the University of Bologna and he earned his degree. Beyond the levels of his peers at an early age it was obvious the intellectual presents he had. Moving from school to school he realized that his true interests were in the ancient authors, not the law. He sought out and recovered manuscripts' Cicero, Virgil, amongst others. When his Petrarch's father found these manu... ... earth', it is this quote that shows how much he loved Laura, even though she did not return this love. 	Francesco Petrarch, was regarded amongst his peers and superiors as a powerful man. After having been sent on many missions of peace by the Archbishop. The King of France and, the Emperor of Italy trying to persuade Petrarch to join them. In his writings, Emperor, Kings wanted copies of his books, friends and other great authors desired to own and read these books as well. A man that could write about feeling he had even though they were not respected. Having gone through death and disappointment within his family. It is only fitting that a man who over came all of these obstacles, be considered one of the greatest Italian of his time. 	Bibliograghy 1. Bishop, Morris Letters of Petrarch (Indiana 1966). 2. Dobson, Susana Life of Petrarch (London 1805). 3. Einsenbichler K., Iannucci A. Petrarch's Triumphs (Toronto 1990). 4.Wilkins, E. H. Life of Petrarch (Chicago 1961). 5.Wilkins, E.H. Petrarch's Eight Years in Milan: 1353-1361 (Cambridge 1958). 6. Wilkins, E. H. Petrarch's Later Years (Cambridge 1959). 7. Wilkins, E. H. Triumphs of Petrarch (Chicago 1962)

Analysis of Ahab Moby Dick Essay

1. Dictator: Melville describes Ahab as a dictator. He, as the captain, is the most respectful figure in the Pequod. Some critics say that the novel is a metaphor from the world. Everyone depends of one person. It is a political point of view. The Pequod is seen as a small world. He is a â€Å"grand, ungodly, god-like† man. Ahab is ungodly in that he refuses to submit to any higher power. He does not worship or even acknowledge the superiority of forces beyond himself. Ahab is god-like in that he is larger than life. 2. Obsession: Ahab considers Moby Dick the embodiment of evil in the world, and he pursues the White Whale monomaniacally because he believes it his inescapable fate to destroy this evil. He is obsessed with revenge. Moby Dick dominates the personality of Ahab. He gradually goes crazier and crazier, eventually blaming Moby Dick for everything bad that has ever happened to any human being ever since the beginning of time. Melville describes Ahab as a â€Å"monomaniac,† an interesting word because it suggests two things: first, that Ahab’s insanity focuses itself obsessively on a single thing (Moby Dick), and second, that he’s only insane when it comes to that one thing – he can be rational about just about everyone else. 3. Suffering: Ahab believes that his suffering stems from the White Whale known as Moby Dick. . He lost more than leg the first time he fought against Moby Dick: he lost his pride, his free will, and his very being. His sole purpose after this encounter was to kill Moby-Dick, all else was cast aside. His wife, home, friends, and family do not even cross his mind. Ahab basically spends his life alone in the sea. He feels in home when he is in the ocean. He is always looking for Moby Dick, looking along. He has not friends; he is a romantic hero. Ahab is not a happy human being, he is like heroes of Shakespearean tragedy. He is suffering for the pain he has inside from the beginning to the end of the novel. Close to the end of the novel Melville makes a reflection about Ahab’s life, trying to humanize him. He is lamenting everything on his life.

What Is a Leprechaun

A leprechaun is a mythological figure, a type of fairy originating from 8th century Irish folklore. Contemporary leprechauns are depicted as men, small in stature and wearing a green coat, a top hat, and buckled shoes. They are known to be solitary creatures, dedicating themselves to shoemaking. They are notoriously lucky, able to grant wishes and give away treasure, but they are also known to be mischievous creatures. Key Takeaways Leprechauns are a type of fairy originating from 8th century Irish folklore.  A modern leprechaun is depicted as a small, red-bearded man, wearing a top hat, buckled shoes, and a green coat, though older impressions feature a red coat and pointed hat.  Known to be solitary cobblers, leprechauns do not like being disturbed, and they often play tricks on anyone who stumbles upon them.   Ancient cultures across the world, including in Ireland, Greece, Iceland, the Philippines, Hawai’i, Indonesia, and North American indigenous tribes, feature stories about little people, often of supernatural nature, known for luck and trickery. Leprechauns are the Irish rendering of these people, originating from tales of the Aos Sà ­, a group of mythical beings that are said to reside in a parallel universe, occasionally making contact with human beings with mixed results.   What Is a Leprechaun? Leprechauns are a type of fairy found in Irish folklore, most often recognized by their iconic pot of gold at the end of the rainbow. According to legend, leprechauns are solitary creatures that spend their time making and mending shoes. Occasionally, a human will come across a leprechaun, either on purpose or accidentally, and attempt to capture him. If he proves successful, the leprechaun will either grant three wishes or bestow a pot of treasure in exchange for his freedom. Leprechauns are clever, however, and they often distract their capturer long enough to escape, creating havoc before disappearing. The first leprechauns were portrayed as short, elderly men that could be found in tree hollows and rabbit holes in rural places. A leprechaun would wear a red coat, as red was the symbolic color of fairies, with a pointed hat and a leather apron. He would often have glasses perched on his nose and a pipe in his mouth, though this depiction varied slightly between stories. In 1825, the Irish historian Thomas Crofton Croker published a collection of Irish folktales describing the leprechaun as a bearded cobbler with buckles on his shoes and a tendency toward trickery, and this imagery has remained almost unchanged since then, though in the 20th century his costuming in popular culture changed from red to green. According to folklore, the tell-tale sign that a leprechaun is nearby is the tapping sound of a hammer striking nails into leather, like a cobbler making shoes, accompanied by whimsical, often cheerful whistling. History and Origins Though they don’t appear in early Irish or Celtic mythology, leprechauns are considered to be members of a group of magical creatures called the Aos Sà ­, descendent from the mythical deities of Ireland, the Tuathe Dà © Dannan. Also known as the Sidhe (pronounced sith), the Aos Sà ­ are more contemporary fairies and supernatural mythical creatures, including leprechauns, changelings, and the Banshee, that were found in Irish mythology and folklore beginning around the 8th century. Leprechauns first appeared in the written record in the medieval story, Echtra Fergus mac Là ©ti (Adventure of Fergus, son of Là ©ti) in which a man falls asleep on a beach and wakes to find himself being dragged into the sea by three leprechauns. This story derives from the 8th century idea of Là º Chorpain, meaning small body, or water fairies. Other sources indicate that the word â€Å"leprechaun† comes from the Irish â€Å"leath bhrà ³gan,† meaning shoemaker, the profession of these Irish fairies. Leprechauns in Popular Culture   Leprechauns in the United States are most commonly associated with St. Patrick’s Day celebrations. In recent years, families with young children have been crafting leprechaun traps, intended to capture the tricksters and find their pots of gold. More than 10% of Americans—about 32.3 million people—claim Irish heritage, so it is not surprising that the leprechaun is such a prolific figure in contemporary American culture, appearing as sports mascots, breakfast cereal icons, and movie characters throughout the 20th and 21st centuries.   University of Notre Dame: In 1960, a leprechaun became the mascot for the Fighting Irish, replacing a series of Irish terriers.  Boston Celtics: Lucky the Leprechaun has been the mascot of the Celtics since the teams formation in 1946, owing, in part, to the city’s large Irish population.  Hornswoggle: In 2007, actor and WWE wrestler Mark Postl debuted as Hornswoggle the leprechaun.Lucky Charms Breakfast Cereal: Lucky the Leprechaun was launched by General Mills in 1964.  The Luck of the Irish: This Disney movie about an adolescent fated to transform into a leprechaun was released in 2001.  Darby O’Hill and the Little People: This 1959 film about a man who accidentally slips into a world of little people was also created by Disney. Donohue Syndrome   Donohue syndrome is sometimes called leprechaunism, though the term is widely considered to be offensive and inappropriate. It is a genetic mutation that affects the function of insulin receptors during growth and development of the embryo. Infants with Donohue Syndrome are smaller during intrauterine growth and development, and those born with the disorder experience failure to thrive, or the inability to gain weight and develop at the anticipated rate. Notable physical characteristics of Donohue Syndrome include large eyes, wide noses, upturned nostrils, low-set ears, and thick lips. The disease is extremely rare and most often fatal, though some people with Donohue syndrome are known to have lived for more than a decade. Sources   Croker, Thomas Crofton. Fairy Legends and Traditions of the South of Ireland. Murray (U. A.), 1825.Donohue, W.L. et al. â€Å"Leprechaunism.† The Journal of Pediatrics vol. 45,5 (1954): 505-519.  Elsas, L J et al. â€Å"Leprechaunism: an inherited defect in a high-affinity insulin receptor.† American journal of human genetics vol. 37,1 (1985): 73-88.Joyce, P. W. A Social History of Ancient Ireland. Longmans, 1920.Koch, John Thomas. Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO, 2006.Negra, Diane. The Irish in Us: Irishness, Performativity, and Popular Culture. Duke University Press, 2006.Wilde, Lady Francesca Speranza. Ancient Legends, Mystic Charms, and Superstitions of Ireland: with Sketches of the Irish Past. Ticknor and Co., 1887.Winberry, John J. â€Å"The Elusive Elf: Some Thoughts on the Nature and Origin of the Irish Leprechaun.† Folklore, vol. 87, no. 1, 1976, pp. 63–75.